{"id":2073,"date":"2020-12-23T02:26:42","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T02:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/finden.jaysoft.asia\/?p=2073"},"modified":"2021-01-14T16:31:02","modified_gmt":"2021-01-14T08:31:02","slug":"chinas-covid-19-vaccine-development-and-availability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/chinas-covid-19-vaccine-development-and-availability\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Availability"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Op\/Ed by Chris Devonshire-Ellis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>China\u2019s COVID-19 vaccines expected to be rolled out soon; bulk manufactured and exported in 2021.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>China could likely mass inoculate citizens in any outbreak that crosses a certain threshold; c<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>ountry expected to develop herd immunity over longer term.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Sinovac vaccine (in limited roll-out) costs RMB 400.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Chinas-Covid-19-Vaccine-Development-And-Availability.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>China\u2019s need to both develop and introduce a COVID-19 vaccine has differed from other countries as it has effectively halted the spread of the virus. Although borders are only partially open, and international travel seriously restricted, the Chinese government has been able to get an early handle on the pandemic and has consequently been able to take its time over vaccine development. This contrasts with Russia, which has been criticized in the West for rushing vaccines into development without adequate testing. While outbreaks still occur \u2013 most recently in Inner Mongolia \u2013 population control and swift lockdowns to prevent mass spreading has worked. This means that other countries have rapidly overtaken China in numbers of cases and have a higher need for a vaccine.<\/p>\n<p>This does not mean that China hasn\u2019t been busy with producing a vaccine; it just means that it has been able to be more precise about it. Four main producers are in the race in China \u2013\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cansinotech.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CanSino<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0based in Tianjin,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbg.com.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CNBG<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0of Wuhan, Beijing\u2019s\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinovac.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sinovac<\/a><\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zflongkema.com\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ZFLongkema<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0based in Anhui.<\/p>\n<p>With few COVID-19 cases at home, Chinese vaccine makers have had to test the effectiveness of their products overseas; five candidates are in efficacy (phase 3) trials\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2020\/12\/01\/asia\/china-coronavirus-vaccine-diplomacy-intl-hnk\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in at least 16 countries<\/a>. We can examine this testing in the map below.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/China-COVID-19-Vaccine-Global-Testing-and-Distribution.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>There have been differing approaches to achieving a viable vaccine. CanSino has\u00a0developed its product by using a widespread and largely harmless virus known as adenovirus 5 (Ad5), into which they stitched a gene for the surface protein of Covid-19. Back in\u00a0March the company launched the world\u2019s first COVID-19 vaccine trial, in Wuhan, to test its safety and ability to provoke immune responses, the first company in the world to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Sinovac Biotech and CNBG have taken a different approach: vaccinating people with the whole, \u201ckilled\u201d virus. This requires no sophisticated protein or RNA design or genetic engineering. Scientists simply inactivate the virus with a chemical (beta propiolactone) and mix it with an adjuvant (alum) that effectively puts the immune system on full alert by irritating it. In theory, such vaccines can produce broader antibody and T cell responses, because they contain the full set of viral proteins, rather than a single one, such as spike. And unlike mRNA vaccines, which have to be stored at subzero temperatures, inactivated viruses require no more than ordinary refrigeration. This is similar to the Russian Sputnik V vaccine, and has advantages as sub-zero refrigeration and storage can be problematic in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. But, there can be problems too; these vaccines require two doses to be administered, while\u00a0a small minority of patients can suffer chronic reactions to such vaccines and even develop the disease, something that the CanSino vaccine is less prone to induce.<\/p>\n<p>Most of the Western COVID-19 vaccines are using the CanSino approach. But again, storage in sub-zero conditions is problematic in warmer climates.<\/p>\n<p>All, however, are gearing up for production to be sent overseas. Sinovac\u00a0has signed deals to provide 46 million doses of its COVID-19 vaccine to\u00a0Brazil\u00a0and 50 million doses to\u00a0Turkey, and will\u00a0also supply 40 million doses of vaccine bulk \u2013 the vaccine concentrate before it is divided into little vials<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 to\u00a0Indonesia\u00a0for local production.<\/p>\n<p>CanSino will deliver 35 million doses of its vaccine to\u00a0Mexico, while\u00a0CNBG has been looking at markets in the Middle East and South America. The UAE is to jointly produce with CNBG about 100 million doses in 2021, negotiations with other countries are ongoing.\u00a0CNBG has stated it can produce more than one billion doses in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>China has also joined the\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/act-accelerator\/covax\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(COVAX) facility, an effort led by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the global\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cepi.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(CEPI)\u00a0to make sure that any products are proven to be safe and effective and quickly reach rich and poor countries alike.<\/p>\n<p>Back in China, the regulators appear to be satisfied with studies from each of these three companies as concerns a China national vaccination program. In June, CanSino received authorization to vaccinate the military, and since then both Sinovac and CNBG have received the go-ahead to vaccinate large populations in China outside of ongoing clinical trials.<\/p>\n<p>CNBG says \u201chundreds of thousands\u201d of people in China have received its vaccines. \u201cBy doing this, we are able to build an immune barrier among specific groups of people like healthcare workers, pandemic prevention personnel, and border inspection personnel,\u201d the company has stated in\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Science magazine<\/a><\/strong>. \u201cWe did not receive a single case report of severe adverse reaction, and no infections reported for vaccines working in high risk areas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sinovac say that more than 90 percent of the company\u2019s employees have received its vaccine because they are considered a high-risk group. In October, the company began to sell its vaccine \u2013 RMB 400 (US$60) for two doses, in Yiwu, near Shanghai in Zhejiang province.<\/p>\n<p>Chinese officials are also apparently writing guidelines should significant clusters emerge, which would likely ensure that everyone in the vicinity is vaccinated.<\/p>\n<p>So, there we have it \u2013 two different types of vaccines, with different capabilities. mRNA vaccines are less likely to provoke any adverse reactions, can be delivered in just one dose, yet require sub-zero storage. These are the types being developed in the West, much of which is in the cooler parts of the Northern hemisphere and which China\u2019s CanSino is producing.<\/p>\n<p>Russia\u2019s Sputnik V and the vaccines produced by Sinovac and CNBG are inactivated virus, require two doses to be effective, can induce a negative reaction in some patients, yet do not require sub-zero storage, making them slightly less effective over a larger population base but better suited for mass distribution in warmer climates. As for China, although it seems unlikely COVID-19 will ever be entirely eradicated, mass immunity will develop and vaccines are now available and will increasingly be so across China \u2013 and overseas as we move into 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Our latest COVID-19 updates for China and the business situation can be read in our latest December round up\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/china-coronavirus-updates-latest-developments-business-advisory-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Op\/Ed by Chris Devonshire-Ellis\u00a0 China\u2019s COVID-19 vaccines expected to be rolled out soon; bulk manufactured and exported in 2021. China could likely mass inoculate citizens in any outbreak that crosses a certain threshold; country expected to develop herd immunity over longer term. Sinovac vaccine (in limited roll-out) costs RMB 400. China\u2019s need to both develop [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-2073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2073"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2352,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2073\/revisions\/2352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2073"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/findenchina.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=2073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}